In dealing with the subject of who Israelites are and who Jews are the usual reference is to the whole of Israel, that is the children of Jacob, in twelve tribes; nevertheless when we look in to the details of these twelve tribes it is obvious that after the death of King Solomon, Rehoboam ruled the southern part of Israel, where Judah's tribe lived. During the reign of Jeroboam and Rehoboam the nation of Israel was divided in to two clear distinct regions, on one the Northern side with Ten Tribes of Israel lived and another on the Southern side where Judah’s Tribe lived. The word “Jew” is transliterated from Hebrew word, “Yehuda”, which is Judah, and “Jew”: is a shortened form of the name Judah. The term “JEWS” is usually applied to Judah and his descendants. Two other Tribes viz. the Tribe of Benjamin and the Tribe of Levi supported the Tribe of Judah, and inasmuch as these three Tribes were loyal to the House of David, they are called “JEWS” Apostle Paul called all the Twelve Tribes as JEWS but then his reference was to give honor to the other ten Tribes also and it was a general usage by him when he called the Israelites as “JEWS” and all the others, outside these twelve Tribes as “Gentiles”. Jews called all others outside their Twelve tribes as “Greeks”. After Assyrians defeated the Ten Tribes on the Northern Part of Israel, they were all taken captive and were scattered. They are called the “lost Ten Tribes”. Some of the people from the lost ten tribes migrated to the Southern Part of Israel and married from the Tribes of JEWS and they became Jews by virtue of their marriage and some have become JEWS by accepting the religion of JEWS.

In the Book of Esther we see Mordecai calling himself a “JEW”. We infer this because he belonged to the tribe of Benjamin, while others in the book of Esther the ones who were converts. The Lost Ten Tribes are not considered as JEWS because they are not descendants of Judah, but they are brothers born of the one and the sme father, Jacob, who is also called Israel. Therefore, they are called Israelites and not “JEWS".

It becomes clear when we read Daniel 3:12 “There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up”, and Daniel 1:6 “Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah” that the children of Judah were Jews. (The names of Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah were changed as Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego respectively).

If we read Romans 1:14 I it is clear that the Jews called all persons, who were not of their nation as “Greeks” and referred uncivilized as Barbarians.

The reference in Hosea 1:10 is to Children of Israel as a whole that is Northern Kingdom and Southern Kingdom and Hosea 1:11 refers to the "grafting in again" which means the inclusion of the Gentiles, who become Abraham's seed by faith as Apostle Paul writes in Ro 9:24-26. The term, “Even us” in Romans 9:24-26 “Even us” refers to believers in Christ and not Jews alone.

It is evident clearly that the kingdom of Israel was clearly divided in to two, the Northern Kingdom and the southern Kingdom. (2 Samuel 19:42, 2 Samuel 21:2, 2 Samuel 24:1, 1 Kings 11:42, 1 Kings 12:17, 1 Kings 12:19, 1 Kings 12:20, 1 Kings 12:21, 1 Kings 15:17, 1 Kings 22:2).

The term “Jew” refers to the tribe of Judah. “Jew” is a shortened form of “Judah” and genetically a descendant of the tribe of Judah; The tribes Judah, Levi, and Benjamin were loyal to the house of David, so they are all called “Jews”. All the Jews are Israelites, because they have one common father, Jacob, but not all Israelites are Jews! The word Israel can refer to a person (Gen. 32:38). Apostle Paul was not lying when he said he was a “Jew” and was an “Israelite”. He was a descendant of the tribe of Benjamin. Our Lord Jesus Christ was. No one knows where the lost ten tribes are. There were great opinions that they were scattered in Europe, France, and in North America, but it may surprise you if some of the Northern Indians are one among the lost ten tribes.

Jeremiah 3:18 “In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I have given for an inheritance unto your fathers”. Some consider it as fulfilled when the Israelites were taken captive by Babylonians, and with the destruction of Southern kingdom on A.D 70 everything said in this verse is achieved, but this verse does not refer to that happening. This verse actually refers to the glorious days of Jews in general (The lost ten tribes and the JEWS that were loyal to the house of David) to joining with the Gentiles and this is done by Jesus Christ Himself, on His second coming, when all ceremonies, and all figures will cease and also speaks of the ark of the covenant of the LORD. The old covenant, of which the ark was a central feature, was to give way to another. Romans 9:24 speaks that God was not bound to extend his grace on all the descendants of Abraham but speaks that he will show his grace on the selected from the mass, according to his own will.

God calls his people from the Gentiles as also from the Jews and he is not bound by any promise and any principle of obligation to bestow salvation on all the Jews. This also takes us back to Hosea 2:23 And I will sow her for myself in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them who were not my people, you are my people; and they shall say, you are my God.

Romans 9:24 is the culmination of the question one would ask from Romans 9:22, where the question was what would happen if God shows wrath on the ones who are chosen by him. The answer is in Romans 9:24-26, where we see God calling the Gentiles his own people and rejecting the nation of Israel as foretold by prophets in Hosea 1:10-11 and in Hosea 2:23. If the children of Israel be like the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved. God is not bound by any promise or obligation to save entire Israel Nation. It is great blessing on earth for Gentiles to be called the 'Sons of God'. Paul's letter to Romans itself is an indicaton that God loves Gentiles and He gave as much privilege of becoming the 'Sons of God' as the children of Israel.